Control for material working machines



Oct. 13, 1953 E. J. BoHABoY ET AL 2,655,240

CONTROL FOR MATERIAL WORKING MACHINES Filed Dec. 2. 1949 2 Sheets-Sheet l 1 w .m/vm/rans t. J. BOHABOY L A. Po MA/v ATTORMH 1953 E. J. BOHABOY ET AL CONTROL FOR MATERIAL WORKING MACHINES Filed Dec. 2, 1949 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Oct. 13, 1953 CONTROL FOR MATERIAL, WORKING MACHINES Edward J. Bohaboy, Berwyn, and Louis A. 'Pojman, Cicero, 111., assignor's to Western Elec-. trio Company, Incorporated, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application December 2, 1949, Serial No. 130,816 9 Claims. (01. 192-127) This invention relates to controls for material working machines and more particularly to a feed responsive control 'for a. power operated progressive type punching and forming press.

In the manufacture of the components of such mechanisms as telephone exchange equipment, it frequently becomes desirable to provide progressive type punch and die mechanisms where, in. a. single punch press, a series of different operations are performed simultaneously upon a strip of stock at various positions in the press to produce. a part having the desired configuration, one part being produced for each stroke of the press In such presses, it is essential that the advancement of the stock from which the part is, to be. formed be controlled with, a high degree of accuracy since the tools at the various stations will simultaneously be performing their respective different operations on a series. of parts.

An object of the invention is to provide an effi- Qiena. reliable and practicable control mechanism. for power operated materia1 working mahines.

In accordance with the above. object, the invention contemplates the provision ofa mecham'Sm for disconnecting the tool actuating portion of the. press from its power'sourcewhen the stock feeding mechanism does not, feed the correct amount of stock forward on any given operation hereof.

In one embodiment of, the: invention there is. provided a reciprocable. stock. follower having a positive travel in each. direction equal tov the. desired amount of stock feeding, movement." This follower: carrie a pivotal member yieldably held inthe line of travel of formations. or lugs,. formed. .1.1. the stock; in one of the p n p ss-p sitions, and normally spaced from and. following thev lug 0. 3 ormation during the. stock. feeding movements. Upon the stock. not being, fed. the desired distance, the follower being moved. exactly the: desired distance, the follower. will. engage, the, lug or formation on the. fed Stock. and. will. be rocked. thereby about. a pivot to. actuate av normally closed. microswitchwhich is. connected in a. circuit normally maintaining the connection between the. power source.- and. tools and thereby cause the. tool, operating. mechanisms to be. dis,- qqnnectedfrom their power source;

Other. objects. andiadyantases Q hi's' n ent Wil1. .mor.e.fu1.1y appea from th oll wi d ta led description. ta e n co junct n. with e accompany n raw ssin hich Fig 1? shows diagrammatically a rear el'evar tional; view of a conventional punch press having; associated therewith a progressive type punch- 2 and die mechanism, the press being equi ed with a control mechanism embodying the features of the invention;

Figs. 2 and. -3 are fragmentary plan and edge views, respectively, of one example of stock being progressively formed and showing equally spaced lugs formed thereon which the control mechanism; follows during the step by step advance of the stock;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary View of the control mechanism as it appears in Fig. 1;

Fig. 5. is a side view, partly in section, of the control mechanism, as viewed Fig. 4-, looking in the. direction of the arrows, with portions broken away to conserve space;

Fig. 6. is a fragmentary plan view of Fig. 5 showing its operative relation with the stock lugs; and

Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic view illustrating anelectric circuit controlled by the press control mechanism. for stopping the press in the case of a misfeed of stock.

Referring to the drawing, particularly to Fig. 1, one embodiment of this invention is illustrated as used in connection. with a conventional punchpress HI having associatedtherewith a. progresmotor l9, through a clutch and brake unit illustrated diagrammatically at 20 and through suitable trains of gears (notshown) driv'esthe crank shafts IT. The details of the clutch and brake unit 20'. have not, been. shown since any suitable; mechanism may be provided for this purpose depending on the type of pressto' which the invention may be applied. Carried on the press frame- I3 is a. setrof feed. rolls 2! by means ofwhich strip material or stock:- 23 is, intermittently advanced" y from asup'ply'inicoil form (not shown? in a horizontal' plane through the punch and di'e'mechani'sm. fromleft'to right as viewed in Fi'g; 1'. The feed. rolls 2| are driven in timed relation to the reciprocation of the platen I4 from a crank disc 2.4. and. a connectingf rod" 25 operating suitable driving. mechanisms: housed above the feed rolls} the. crank disc, 24 receiving its motion from the l'eft l'iarid' crank shaft H, as viewed Fig; 1 by suitable interconnecting gearing (not showrm s Since the punch re s to, punch and die: mochanism H and feed rollszt areweirknownin the part and conventional, a more complete description thereof is not believed necessary to a full un-- derstanding of the present invention. It will be understood, however, that in the operation of the punch press It the ram I4 and the feed rolls 2! are operated in timed relation in such a manner that when the ram has completed one-half of its retractive stroke, the feed rolls start feeding the stock 23 forward to position it for the next operative stroke of the ram, and upon the ram having completed one-half of its advance or operative stroke, the rolls cease feeding the stock.

It may be stated at this point that several sets of tools are included in the punch and die mechanism II and at suitable distances apart, operate simultaneously on the stock 23 while it is stationary during each operative stroke: of the ram I4. Thus in the present disclosure, for example, upon completion of each advance movement of the stock 23, it will be acted upon simultaneously at the positions A and B during each operative stroke of the ram I4. Referring to Figs. 2 and 3, the stock 23 when it reaches position A is already formed with an arm 26, and at this position the end of the arm is turned downwardly to provide a lug 21. At the next position B the arm 26 is turned upwardly along the broken line 30 in which position of the arm the previously formed lug 21 extends forward of the arm instead of downwardly as in the previous position A.

The worked stock 23 after leaving position B is worked upon at other positions (not shown) and is finally sheared laterally along a line extending between adjacent lugs 21 at a last position, also not shown, thus resulting in similar parts with lugs 21 extending therefrom. In order to produce similar parts it will be apparent that the stock 23 should be advanced exactly the same amount during each feeding operation of the rolls 2|. Furthermore, the feeding of the stock 23 should be in timed relation with the operative stroke of the ram I4 in order to eliminate tool breakage which would result from misfeeding of the stock. Thus, in case the stock is not advanced a correct or necessary distance within tolerable limits, which may occur at times for various reasons, it is essential that the operation of the punch press should be immediately automatically stopped. It should be understood that, although only the two working positions A and B in which the stock 23 is worked upon have been shown and described, numerous other operations are performed on the stock 23 preceding and following the work described as occurring at positions A and B.

The embodiment of the control mechanism shown herein, referring particularly to Figs. 1, 4, and 6, and which mechanism is indicated in Fig. 1 in general at 40, comprises a base member 4! fixed to a sub-base member 42 secured to the upper surface of a bolster plate 43, in turn socured to the punch press bed I2. As shown in Fig. l, the mechanism 40 is suitably positioned to the right of the position B, at which position the arm 26 had been turned upwardly to carry the lug 21 thereon forwardly of the edge of the stock 23, as shown clearly in Figs. 2 and 6. J ournalled at its forward end in a bearing block 46 (Figs. 4 and 5), fixed to the base member M, is a rock shaft 41, to which is keyed, at 48, a, gear 49. The opposite end of the shaft 41 is journalled in spaced standards 50-52 fixed to the base member 4i. Keyed to the latter end of the shaft 41 at 53, intermediate the standards 50-50, is a gear 54. Pivotally supported on the forward end of the shaft 41 is a U-shaped saddle member 55, in which is guided for reciprocatory movement a rack bar 56, which meshes with the gear 49. At its upper end (Figs. 1, 4 and 5), the rack bar 56 is fixedly attached to the lower end of a rod 51, which is pivotally and eccentrically connected at 58 to the end face of the right-hand crankshaft l1. Thus, during each rotation of the crank shaft I1, the rod 51 and the attached rack bar 56 will have imparted thereto reciprocatory up and down motions while rocking together with the saddle member 55 about the shaft 41. This motion of the rack bar 56 imparts rotary motion in one direction and then the other to the gear 48 and thus to the shaft 41 and to the gear 54 fixed to the other end of the shaft.

As shown in Fig. 5, the gear 54 meshes with a rack bar 60 attached to the lower surface of a plate 6! slidably mounted at opposite longitudinal edges, which are grooved, on rails 62-62 fixed to the upper end surfaces of the standards 505fl. The ratio of the gear 54 to the gear 49 is two to one so that the travel of the rack bar 60 effected by the rotation of the gear 54 will be twice that of the rack bar 56. Attached to the upper surface of the plate 6! is a stock position checking device, indicated in general at 63. This device will vary in the arrangement of its elements, their shape and dimensions from one installation to the other, depending on clearances provided for mounting the mechanism, previously described, on the material working apparatus "and other factors including the shape of the strip material and the particular type of formations formed thereon.

The device 63 comprises a mounting plate 66 attached at 61-51 to the slidable plate 6|, which extends rearwardly, as viewed in Fig. between and out of the path of adjacent tools comprising the punch and die mechanism II. slidable in spaced bearing blocks 68-68, mounted upon the plate 66, is a slidable spring-pressed rod 69, a coiled compression 10 surrounding the rod between the left-hand bearing block 68 and a collar 13 attached to the rod, normally urging the rod to the right, as viewed in Figs. 5 and 6. At its right end, the rod 83 normally presses against an edge surface of a pivotal member 14 fulcrumed at 15 on the plate 66 to urge it in a clockwise direction. The pivotal member 14 is provided with a cam surface 15 formed on an edge thereof opposed to the edge engaged by the rod 69 and engagin a cam surface 11 formed on the edge of a pivotal member fulcrumed at ill on the plate 66. A pin 82 extending downwardly from the pivotal member 80 and engaged in an arcuate shaped slot 83 formed in the plate 66 serves to limit the movement of the member 80 in a clockwise direction. The pivotal members 14 and 80 move upon opposed surfaces of the plate 66 and a cover plate 84, provided with a slot 85 in alignment with the slot 83 of the plate 66 and through which the pin 82 extends, the plate 84 being attached to the plate 66 by spacers and screws 86. Pivotally mounted in a forked right-hand end of the pivotal member 80 at 81 is a trigger member 88, which is T-shaped (Fig. 5). A spring-pressed pin 89 extending from the member BB and between the furcations of its forked end and engaging the left-hand edge surface of the trigger member 88 constantly urges the latter member in a counterclockwise direction about its pivot 81 limited by a. projection on the trigger member engaging the pivotal member 80. A compression spring 9| housed within the member 80 between the pin 89 screams anda-zscrew-aathreadediintorthe member "80 TOI1e stantly. urgesthe pin against: the triggerz-memberr 8t and thusznormally maintains the membersfim and; 88 in; thezpositions shown: with the:project tion'SB, abutting the member 80.

With: this arrangement, it will: be: apparent?- that in a counterclockwise movement: of. the; pivotal member 80 about its pivot 8|, thestr'igger: memberB'S; will move therewith as; a: unit It maymove clockwise about its pivot. 851-: without. effecting'thenormal .position of: thepivotali'meme ber 80;.asshownin Fig; .6;- v

Byreference; to Fig; '7'; it W111i beseen". that the;

flihby'closing aswitch: 95':thusipreparingftheapresst; f on operation.

The: slidables rod. 69, at. itSf. leftehand; end; sup ports. an. adjustable microswitch' actuator- 96,.

tractivecstrokee,asspreviously' d nections, previously described-,=, upwardly, as

viewedin ;F.'ig:., 6; untilthex-trigger member 88 is in the: positionshown fragmentarilyin broken outlineab'ove: and predeterminedlyl spaced from the:fol-lowing or intermediate stock formation}? shown. During thisaretractive movement of the; will. also. beobvious that; the: trigger member; 88a 19:- device 63, the triggermember; 88, itrwill be un derstood; will id-l-y. rockabout its pivot 81, as it I engages and, moves pastr-theeintermediate." stock formation; 21-.-

In: the next: f ceding: movement of the, stock, 23 motor 19.: may be connected; to v a. voltage: source: 151.; which .commenceswhen the platen 14.4 has come pleted. 1 one-half of :its: retractive stroke. or. upon completion-.of the movement ofthe device 63 to. thee-last describedposition; theintermediate. stockformation ll and thetrigger member 88; shown.

which; bearsat. all times. against a plunger: 9J1? 2min broken outline, (Fig.6) will normally advance of a normally closedimicroswitch 98 (Figs. 5*and1 6?)811131301t8d onthe. slidable-plate 6| by meansoftai bracket 99: As shown: in Fig. 7, the: micro:- switcli 9.8 is'included in a controlcircuit of" the in unison, bu-tiif; for-any reason the stock 23.mis.-. feeds; such. as being slowed up during. its advance or; stop. short of.the =desired-feed distance, the,

rw dendot the pivotal trigger member sawill,

clutch. and brake unitZIland; upon closure of a. 25:: in ii/s: positive: continued forward. movemen locking. type push button switch I00? Will supply powerfrom source 94 to a solenoid actuated ai-r valive I02 which inturntwill supply air from asource; (not. shown) tohold the clutchof clutch enga e: the stock. formation 21 andthis. inter.- ference will: cause =a-rocking of the trigger member and the pivotal camcmember 80 asa. unit.

about the pivot 8| of the member 80 in acounterand brake: unitZUI operative and cause thepress clockwise direct on d e /Mi arrangement Il tooperate repeatedly. During operation of the punch press, the clutch is held closed'by maintaining the switches 98' and IM closed, thus completing: the drive to the-platen l4- fromthe ously described between these membera. This. rocking movement of the, members aflpand 88 as a: unit willcause; bymeans of the cooperating. cam surfaces 16-.- and 11: on the pivotal members motor l9 and through the clutch, the brake be- 14; and resnectiyelyt unt rlockwise ing inoperative. Upon the contacts ofthe microswitchSB being opened, in the manner previouslydescribed, the clutch is opened,- thus breaking the driving connection from the motor'throug-h-the clutchto the platen-and the brake of clutch'and 40 viewed in; F -1.:

brake unit 2 n -is applied while the motor l9 con-- tinuesi to operate;

In the operation of the above described con-- trol. mechanism as applied" to a continuously operating punch press therewith the progressive type. punch and die" mechanism H; it will be assumed that the reciprocable' platen l4, as shown= in Fig. 1-, has completed its retractive or upward stroke after movement: ofthe; member. H. aboutits pivot 75,

and; thus, due to.- the engagement. of the. latter. member with the-'springWpreSsed slidable rod 6% a movement ofthe lattertowards the, left, as- The adjustable microswitch actuator'fifi on theendgof. the. moved rod fificand bearing onztheiplunger: 9-1 of the microswitch 9.8

willcause the; plunger. to. open the. contacts. of.

the: microsvviteh,- thus. breaking. the normally ['0 having" associateddfi closed-.circuitto,the;so1enoid actuated air valve In By openingfthe normally closed microswitch 98; t1'iez solenoidactuated valve. I02 will be deenergizedv and the-clutch of .the -clutch:.and brake uniting-will be disengaged. andthebrake will-be.

a working stroke and is moving downwardappliedtocstopaoperation-:01.thehress; the'main again; having completed one-half of its downwarcl or working stroke: At this" point, the feed rolls-2 l; by means ofthe-crank disc24; driven from: the left handcrank shaft H, thedrivin motor l9. continuing to operate.

When the; stock position. checking device $3 is tripped. as.- described: above, the operator ime mediately opens the switch. Inn. to, cut ofij the connecting rod 25 and the feed roll driving powerrsourcett frcmthe; solenoid actuated air mechanism receiving motion from the connecting rod, have completed their forward feeding-jof: the stock 23, the feedingof thestock having started when-the platen l4 had completed onein t'he operation of'the press; with the platen M" having completed one-half of its workingstroke, it-. will be assumed, referring now to'Figs. 5 and- 6, that the stock: 23 has been accurately advanced valve; IDA. The-device- 63 isle-ft in its tripped. condition with; the; control circuit through, the

microswitch. 9.8 open. and; the; tool. operating mechanisms. disconnected: fromtheir Power halfof'its retractivestroke. Also; at this point 0. sourcesuntilithe-troubleswhichcaused-the-device;

53: to; trip;- has been! overcome; Thereafter, the operator: rasps the upper end. of the. pin e2. (Fig. 5). which eXtends-upW-ardIyfrOm the pivoted memben- 8.0: to which; it. is fixedv and rocks. the

one feeding step in the direction of the arrow. 65-1 member: 8 0:in..a.c1ockWise;-. direction to' its normal (Fig. 6) and at this time is stationary and remains so until the platen It has completed its. working stroke and one-half of its retractive stroke. At this point in the cycle of the press;

and asshown-in Fig. 6; the pivotal triggermemandiupontheswitch. l-llflmeing closed againithe ber 88 ofthe device 63 is spaced a predetermined tolerable distance" from the formation 21- on the stock'23; which it had followed in unison during the. feeding movement ofthe stock. Whilethe position: as: shown; in; Fig; 6 which permits the otherelements: of; the mechanism; to return to their normalpositiona. Themicroswitch as isv thereby returnedxto itsnormally closed. condition press; will again. operate;

It. is to beunderstood that-the;abQve-describea. arrangements; are simply illustrative; of the ap-n.

plication; of the: principles; of the invention.

stock 23 is: stationary andtheuplaten r4 iscom 7e Numerous: other: arrangements; man be readily acs 5,240

devised by those skilled in the art which will' embody the principles of the invention and fall within the spirit and scope thereof.

What is claimed is:

1. In a power operated strip material working machine having means for feeding strip material step by step to a tool operable in timed relation to the feeding means for forming equally spaced formations on the material and means for driving the machine, the combination of a control mechanism for said driving means comprising an electric circuit, a control switch for said circuit, a reciprocatory element for following the material during its step by step feed, means operatively connected to said driving means for causing said element to move back and forth along the material a distance equal to each normal material feeding movement and in unison with the material during its feeding, and movable means on said element in the line of travel of each successive formation on the material and normally spaced a predetermined tolerable distance from a formation and following the same during the material feeding, said means on the element being responsive to an engagement thereof with a formation upon a misfeed of the material occurring for actuating said control switch to effect an actuation of the control mechanism to stop the machine.

2. In a power operated strip material working machine having means for feeding strip material step by step to a tool operable in timed relation to the feeding means for forming equally spaced formations on the material and means for driving the machine, the combination of a control mechanism for said driving means comprising an electric circuit, a control switch for said circuit, a reciprocatory member for following the material during its step by step feed, means operatively connected to said driving means for causing said member to reciprocate along the material a distance equal to each normal material feeding movement and in unison with the material during its feeding, and a yieldable element on said member in the line of travel of each successive formation on the material and normally spaced a predetermined tolerable distance from a formation and following the same during the material feeding, said yieldable element being responsive to a predetermined movement effected by its engagement with a formation upon a misfeed of the material occurring for actuating said control switch and thereby actuating the control mechanism to stop the machine.

3. In a power operated strip material working machine having means for feeding strip material step by step to a tool operable in timed relation to the feeding means for forming equally spaced formations on the material and means for driving the machine, the combination of a control mechanism for said driving means comprising an electric circuit, a normally closed control switch for said circuit, a reciprocatory carrier mounted for movement longitudinally and following the material during its step by step feed, said switch being mounted on said carrier plate, means operatively connected to said driving means for reciprocating said carrier along the material a distance equal to each normal material feeding movement and in unison with the material during its feeding, a follower arm pivotally mounted on said carrier inthe line of travel of each successive formation on the material and normally spaced a predetermined tolerable distance therefrom and following the same during the material feeding, and means on said carrier operatively connecting said control switch and arm responsive to a predetermined pivotal movement of said arm effected by its engagement with a formation upon a misfeed of the material occurring for opening said control switch to effect an actuation of the control mechanism to stop the machine.

4. In a power operated strip material working machine for progressively forming articles from strip material having means for feeding strip material step by step to a plurality of work stations, a tool at one station operable in timed relation to the feeding means for forming equally spaced formations on the material and means for driving the machine, the combination of a control mechanism for said driving means comprising an electric circuit, a control switch for said circuit, a reciprocatory material follower element, means operatively connected to said driving means for reciprocating said element along the material a distance equal to each normal material feeding movement and in unison with the material during its feeding, a movable member on said element in the line of travel of each successive formation on the material and normally spaced a predetermined tolerable distance from a formation and following the same during the material feeding, and means movable with said element and member responsive to a predetermined movement of said member effected by its engagement with a formation in the case of a slow-up in the feeding of the material for actuating said control switch to effect an actuation of the control mechanism to stop the machine.

5. In a power operated strip material working machine having means for feeding strip material step by step to a tool driven by a crank shaft, the tool being operable in timed relation to the feeding means for forming equally spaced formations on the material and means for driving the machine, the combination of a control mechanism for said driving means comprising an electric circuit, a control switch for said circuit, a reciprocatory carrier for following the material during its step by step feed, said switch being mounted on said carrier, means operatively connecting said crankshaft to said carrier for reciprocating said carrier along the material a distance equal to each normal feeding movement and in unison with the material during its feeding, a yieldable arm on said carrier in the line of travel of each successive formation on the material and normally spaced a predetermined tolerable distance from a formation and following the same during the material feeding and connections between said control switch and arm responsive to a movement of said arm upon an engagement thereof with a formation upon a misfeed of the material occurring for actuating said control switch to effect an actuation of the control mechanism to stop the machine.

6. In a power operated strip material working machine having means for feeding strip material step by step to a tool driven by a crank shaft, the tool being operable in timed relation to the feeding means for forming equally spaced formations on the material and means for driving the machine, the combination of a control mechanism for said driving means comprising an electric circuit, a control switch for said circuit, a reci-procatory carrier for following the material during its step by step feed, means operatively connecting said crankshaft to said carrier comprising a rack driven by said crankshaft, a secnd rack connected to said carrier and a train of gears operatively connecting said racks effective for reciprocating said carrier along the material a distance equal to each normal material feeding movement and in unison with the material during its feeding, a yieldable arm on said carrier in the line of travel of each successive formation on the material and normally spaced a predetermined tolerable distance from a formation and following the same during the material feeding and connections between said control switch and arm responsive to a movement of said arm upon an engagement thereof with a formation upon a misfeed of the material occurring for actuating said control switch to effect an actuation of the control mechanism to stop the machine.

7. In a power operated strip material working machine having means for feeding strip material step by step to a tool driven by a crank shaft, the tool being operable in timed relation to the feeding means for forming equally spaced formations on the material and means for driving the machine, the combination of a control mechanism for said driving means comprising an electric circuit, a control switch for said circuit, a reciprocatory carrier for following the material during its step by step feed, means operatively connecting said crankshaft to said carrier comprising a rack connected to said crankshaft, a shaft, a gear fixed to said shaft meshing with said rack, a second gear fixed to said shaft and a second rack connected to said carrier meshing with said second gear for reciprocating said carrier along the material a distance equal to each normal material feeding movement and in unison with the material during its feeding, a

yieldable arm on said carrier in the line of travel of each successive formation on the material and normally spaced a predetermined tolerable distance from a formation and following the same during the material feeding and connections between said control switch and arm responsive to a movement of said arm upon an engagement thereof with a formation upon a misfeed of the material occurring for actuating said control switch to effect an actuation of the control mechanism to stop the machine.

8. A strip-working machine, which comprises opposed strip-working elements for forming projections on the strip, means for moving said elements into and out of engagement with the strip, means tending to advance the strip when said elements are out of engagement with the strip to position another portion of the strip between said elements, an escapement feeler, means moving the feeler with the strip in synchronization with the strip-advancing means in a position just behind one of the projections so that if the strip misfeeds with respect to the strip-advancing means the projection presses the feeler, and means responsive to pressing of the feeler by one of the projections for stopping the element-moving means.

9. A strip-working machine, which comprises means for forming projections on a strip, means moving said projection-forming means into and out of engagement with a strip, means driven in synehronism with the moving means for advancing the strip in a predetermined direction past the projection-forming means when the projection-forming means is moved out of engagement with the strip and tending to advance it at a predetermined rate of speed, a trigger, means for reciprocating the trigger along the strip in such synchronism with the strip-advancing means that the trigger moves with the strip at said predetermined rate when the strip-advancing means is operative, an escapement pawl carried by the trigger in a normal position just behind one of the projections for actuating the trigger when the strip lags with respect to the trigger, and means operable by actuation of the trigger for stopping the moving means.

EDWARD J. BOHABOY. LOUIS A. POJMAN.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,555,596 Miller Sept. 29, 1925 2,221,464 Zahodiakin Nov. 12, 1940 2,366,960 England Jan. 9, 1945 2,425,438 ONeal Aug. 12, 1947 

